Adverse effects

After an operation, patients can suffer the following adverse effects:

• Impact on appearance, in patients who have lost their breast and in whom reconstruction has not been possible
• Secondary complications after surgery
• Lymphoedema (swelling of the arm in the area operated on)
• Superficial lymphatic thrombosis (inflammation that develops on the underside of the arm after removal of the axillary lymph nodes)
• Collection of fluid in the area of the surgical incision